• All pingers shall have at least 90-day minimum lifetime

• All pingers shall transmit a unique call sign, and GPS data

            (GPS data constantly updating while in flight)

There shall be a reference guide containing actual received pinger signals 

            at different locations under various conditions

All commercial aircraft shall stream in real time for on-ground storage:

• GPS data
• Flight Data Recorder data
• Cockpit Voice Recorder data

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What Investigators Can Learn From MH-370

                     Radio Communications

1. The actual words spoken

    (using enhancement and digital slowing)

2. Identity of speaker (very brief samples, useful if two voices   

    are different in tone, inflection, speed of speech, accent)

3. Possible emotion state of crew (whether calm or excited)

    (can hear deep breaths in cases of anxiety)

4. Voice(s) steady or wavering from vibration of aircraft

5. Additional voices (from other pilot’s mic or in background)

6. Any alarms sounding (various instruments emit unique

    alarm sounds to alert crew to various conditions)

7. Condition of on-board power supply from analysis of hum  

    component of signal by spectrographic analysis

8. Condition of radio (distorted or clear, weak or strong audio)

What Investigators Can Learn From MH-370

              Cockpit Voice Recorder

The cockpit voice recorder generally has four voice channels: pilot, co-pilot, CAM (cockpit area microphone) and intercom.

All of the information described above, applies, along with the added intelligence from each of the channels.

Investigators use all of the channels to identify all spoken words, and cockpit sounds during an investigation.

Assuming the proper installation and alignment of the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) one can even identify directionality of various cockpit sounds, as in the case of a malfunctioning engine on one side of the aircraft. And identification of speakers is definite because pilot and co-pilot are recorded in separate channels.

Engine sounds can pinpoint when throttle is increased or decreased.

Alarm sounds are audible, as is the sound of a stick-shaker, for example, in the case of an impending stall.

For more information contact:

Paul Ginsberg, President

Professional Audio Laboratories, Inc.

(914) 263-8010

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